HESI RN
HESI RN Med Surg Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
In assessing a client with skin ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Venous ulcers are characterized by irregular shapes and severe edema due to venous hypertension, unlike arterial ulcers which present with signs of poor perfusion like absent pulses or cool skin.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer medications for an eight-month-old infant with heart failure. The infant has a blood pressure of 114/66 mm Hg, apical pulse of 88 beats/minute, and respirations of 30 breaths/minute. Which medication should the nurse withhold until the health care provider is notified?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin is withheld if the apical pulse is below 90 beats/minute in infants to prevent toxicity. Other medications are not contraindicated.
Question 3 of 5
A preschool-aged child who is experiencing respiratory distress is brought to the emergency department by the parents. The child is anxious, has a temperature of 102.8° F (39.3° C), and is drooling from the mouth while leaning forward when sitting. Which action should the nurse prepare the child for next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms suggest epiglottitis, requiring urgent intubation or tracheotomy to secure the airway. Other actions are not immediate priorities.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is admitting a client with possible tuberculosis (TB). The client is placed in a private room with airborne precautions pending diagnostic test results. Which diagnostic test should the nurse review to confirm the diagnosis of TB?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the gold standard for confirming TB diagnosis, as it directly identifies the causative bacterium, unlike other tests which may suggest but not confirm TB.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a right ulnar fracture and cast placement reports an increase in arm pain. Which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased pain post-cast placement may indicate compartment syndrome, a serious condition. Assessing radial pulse volume evaluates circulation distal to the fracture, critical for detecting compromised perfusion.