Care Hope College RN HESI Pharmacology

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client’s plan of care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods (
C) prevents this risk. Salt substitutes (
A) often contain potassium, worsening hyperkalemia. Sun protection (
B) and bruising (
D) are unrelated to spironolactone’s primary risks.

Question 2 of 5

A client has a new prescription for zolpidem, a hypnotic. The client tells the home health nurse that he plans to take a dose of the medication during the day because he is exhausted and needs to take a short afternoon nap prior to an evening activity in his home. Which action should the nurse take?

A. Explain that the client needs to allow for sleep time of at least two hours. B. Advise the client to take the medication with the noon meal. C. Encourage the client to wait until bedtime to take the medication. D. Remind the client to drink plenty of fluids when taking the medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Zolpidem, a sedative-hypnotic, should be taken at bedtime (
C) to avoid daytime drowsiness and fall risk. Two hours of sleep (
A) is insufficient for safe clearance. Taking with meals (
B) reduces efficacy. Fluid intake (
D) is unrelated to zolpidem’s administration.

Question 3 of 5

A patient with peptic ulcer disease has been prescribed cimetidine. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further instruction by the nurse?

A. Decrease cigarette use to a pack per day. B. Notify the healthcare provider of lethargy. C. Take the medication an hour after antacids. D. Monitor for any signs of sexual dysfunction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cimetidine should be taken with meals or immediately after, not 1 hour after antacids (
C), which interferes with absorption. Reducing smoking (
A) is insufficient; cessation is ideal. Lethargy (
B) and sexual dysfunction (
D) are valid monitoring points.

Question 4 of 5

A client with psychosis is receiving an antipsychotic medication and is continually rubbing the back of the neck. What is the best nursing intervention?

A. Obtain an extra pillow for the client to use at night. B. Give a PRN prescription for benztropine. C. Provide the client a heating pad to place on the neck. D. Obtain a prescription for physical therapy services.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neck rubbing suggests extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g., dystonia) from antipsychotics. Benztropine (
B), an anticholinergic, relieves these symptoms. Pillows (
A), heating pads (
C), and physical therapy (
D) don’t address the cause.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse administers risedronate to a client with osteoporosis at 0700. The client asks for a glass of milk to drink with the medication. What action should the nurse take?

A. Instruct the client that it is necessary to take nothing but water with the medication. B. Withhold the medication until the client’s breakfast tray is available on the unit. C. Consult with a pharmacist about scheduling the dose one hour after the client eats. D. Assign an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to bring the client a glass of low-fat milk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Risedronate, a bisphosphonate, must be taken with plain water on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before food or other beverages, to ensure optimal absorption. Milk (
B) contains calcium, reducing absorption. Delaying until breakfast (
C) violates timing requirements. Consulting a pharmacist (
D) is unnecessary, as administration guidelines are clear.

Care Hope College RN HESI Pharmacology | Nurselytic

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