ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care Tenth, North American Edition
Chapter 41 : Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid?Base Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Based on the identified health problem, how will the nurse and Mr. Park best know that the plan of care has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stable weight and absence of dyspnea indicate effective fluid balance management, aligning with the care plan's goals. Sufficient sleep (
A) is unrelated to fluid balance. Taking diuretics every other day (
C) suggests non-compliance. Weight increase (
D) indicates potential fluid retention, suggesting ineffective management.
Question 2 of 5
The patient with which problem will the nurse suspect may have developed respiratory alkalosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients experiencing hypoxia breathe rapidly, 'blowing off' CO2, which drives pH up, causing respiratory alkalosis. Atelectasis (
B) may cause hypoxia but not necessarily alkalosis. Chronic respiratory illness (
C) often leads to respiratory acidosis. Sedative overdose (
D) causes hypoventilation, leading to respiratory acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
The patient with which problem would the nurse identify is at high risk for fluid volume excess?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with renal failure are unable to excrete fluids, leading to oliguria and fluid volume excess. Vomiting (
B), hypernatremia (
C), and NPO status (
D) typically cause fluid volume deficit.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed hypernatremia. For which intravenous solution would the nurse anticipate a prescription?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 0.45% NaCl is a hypotonic solution used to treat hypernatremia by lowering sodium levels. 5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl (
A) and normal saline (
B) are isotonic and do not correct hypernatremia. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (
D) is used for hypovolemia or electrolyte replacement, not hypernatremia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing infants in the NICU for fluid balance status. Which nursing action would the nurse depend on as the most reliable indicator of a patient's fluid balance status?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid balance, especially in infants, as it reflects changes in fluid status accurately. Intake and output (
A) can be subjective. Skin turgor (
B) is less reliable due to infants' skin elasticity. Complete blood count (
C) does not directly reflect fluid balance.