ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care Tenth, North American Edition
Chapter 41 : Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid?Base Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
A second patient problem of deficient knowledge is identified. The nurse is preparing teaching materials for the patient. Which interventions should the nurse focus on with this patient? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Interventions A, B, C, and D promote effective self-management of fluid balance. Monitoring fluid intake and output (
A) helps track balance. Daily weight measurement (
B) is a reliable indicator of fluid status. Taking diuretics early (
C) minimizes nighttime urination. Tracking changes (
D) ensures timely reporting of issues. Restricting fluids excessively (E) can lead to dehydration and is not appropriate.
Question 2 of 5
Based on the identified health problem, how will the nurse and Mr. Park best know that the plan of care has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stable weight and absence of dyspnea indicate effective fluid balance management, aligning with the care plan's goals. Sufficient sleep (
A) is unrelated to fluid balance. Taking diuretics every other day (
C) suggests non-compliance. Weight increase (
D) indicates potential fluid retention, suggesting ineffective management.
Question 3 of 5
The patient with which problem will the nurse suspect may have developed respiratory alkalosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients experiencing hypoxia breathe rapidly, 'blowing off' CO2, which drives pH up, causing respiratory alkalosis. Atelectasis (
B) may cause hypoxia but not necessarily alkalosis. Chronic respiratory illness (
C) often leads to respiratory acidosis. Sedative overdose (
D) causes hypoventilation, leading to respiratory acidosis.
Question 4 of 5
The patient with which problem would the nurse identify is at high risk for fluid volume excess?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with renal failure are unable to excrete fluids, leading to oliguria and fluid volume excess. Vomiting (
B), hypernatremia (
C), and NPO status (
D) typically cause fluid volume deficit.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed hypernatremia. For which intravenous solution would the nurse anticipate a prescription?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 0.45% NaCl is a hypotonic solution used to treat hypernatremia by lowering sodium levels. 5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl (
A) and normal saline (
B) are isotonic and do not correct hypernatremia. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (
D) is used for hypovolemia or electrolyte replacement, not hypernatremia.