ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care Tenth, North American Edition
Chapter 41 : Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid?Base Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse carefully assesses the acid-base balance of a patient whose bicarbonate (HCO3-) level is decreased on the ABG results. This typically occurs in patients with damage to which organ?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys regulate bicarbonate levels, and damage can lead to decreased HCO3-, causing metabolic acidosis. Lungs (
B) regulate CO2. Adrenal glands (
C) affect hormones, not bicarbonate directly. The brain (
D) regulates respiration, not bicarbonate.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a patient who is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia requires potassium replacement, such as oral supplements as prescribed. High sodium (
A) is for hyponatremia. Cautioning against potassium-rich foods (
C) is for hyperkalemia. Calcium loss (
D) is unrelated to hypokalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse has begun administering an intravenous antibiotic via the patient's peripheral venous access. Immediately, the nurse observes that the fluid does not flow easily into the vein and the skin around the insertion site is edematous and cool to the touch. What would be the nurse's next action related to these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Edema and coolness indicate infiltration, requiring catheter removal. Repositioning (
A) or raising the pole (
B) worsens infiltration. Applying pressure (
C) is inappropriate. Pulling and reinserting (
D) risks further tissue damage.
Question 4 of 5
When caring for a patient receiving hemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula, which action is essential for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To protect the fistula, BP and venipuncture should be performed on the opposite extremity. IM injections (
A) are not contraindicated. Radial pulse assessment (
B) is safe. Using the fistula for IV medications (
D) is prohibited.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering a blood transfusion for a patient following surgery. During the transfusion, the patient displays signs of dyspnea, dry cough, and pulmonary edema. What would be the nurse's priority actions related to these symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptoms indicate circulatory overload. Slowing or stopping the infusion, monitoring vital signs, notifying the provider, and positioning the patient upright with feet dependent are appropriate. Options B, C, and D address allergic, febrile, or bacterial reactions, respectively.