ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care Tenth, North American Edition
Chapter 30 : Medications Questions
Question 1 of 5
Phenytoin 100 mg PO is prescribed to be given through a nasogastric tube. Phenytoin is available as 30 mg/5 mL. How much would the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the volume: 100 mg prescribed / 30 mg per 5 mL = (100/30) * 5 = 16.67 mL.
Question 2 of 5
Captopril 12.5 mg PO is prescribed. Captopril is available as 25-mg tablets. How many tablets would the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the number of tablets: 12.5 mg prescribed / 25 mg per tablet = 0.5 tablets.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse administers a dose of an oral medication for hypertension to a patient who immediately vomits after swallowing the pill. What action will the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a patient vomits immediately after swallowing an oral pill, the nurse should assess the emesis (vomit) for the pill or fragments of it. The nurse will collaborate with the health care provider to determine if another dose should be administered.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse caring for a group of patients uses measures to reduce discomfort for the patients during injections. Which technique is recommended?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should use the Z-track technique for intramuscular injections to prevent medication from leaking into the needle track, minimizing discomfort. The nurse should select a needle of the smallest gauge that is appropriate for the site and solution to be injected, and select the correct needle length for the type of injection and patient size. The nurse should inject the medication into relaxed muscles since more pressure (causing discomfort) will be required to injected into contracted muscles. The nurse should apply gentle pressure after injection, unless this technique is contraindicated.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing medications for patients in the ICU. The nurse is aware that patient variables may affect the absorption of these medications. Which statements accurately describe these variables the nurse will use as a basis for practice? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,F
Rationale: Nurses are responsible for applying pharmacologic knowledge during medication administration, including varied responses in patients from different ethnic groups (ethnopharmacology). The patient's expectations of the medication may affect the response to the medication; for example, when a placebo is given and a patient has a therapeutic effect. Environment may also influence the patient's response to medications; for example, sensory deprivation and overload may affect drug responses. Circadian rhythms and cycles may also influence drug action. The liver is the primary organ for drug breakdown, thus pathologic conditions that involve the liver may slow metabolism and alter the dosage of the drug needed to reach a therapeutic level. The presence of food in the stomach can delay the absorption of orally administered medications. Alternatively, some medications should be given with food to prevent gastric irritation, which the nurse should consider when establishing a patient's medication schedule. Other medications may have enhanced absorption if taken with certain foods.