ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care Tenth, North American Edition
Chapter 24 : Middle and Older Adulthood Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse in a long-term care facility states in report that an older adult resident is quite frail. The oncoming caregiver prioritizes prevention of what problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frailty in older adults increases the risk of falls due to reduced strength, balance, and mobility. Preventing falls is a priority to avoid injuries such as fractures. Confusion, delirium, and dementia are important but are not as directly linked to frailty as falls.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is admitted to the acute care medical center with change in mental status, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Which of these reflects a reversible cause of the changes in mental status?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delirium is a reversible cause of changes in mental status, often triggered by factors like dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, which can be treated. Alzheimer's disease and dementia are progressive and irreversible, while delirium superimposed on dementia includes a reversible component (delirium) but is complicated by underlying irreversible dementia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse caring for older adults in a provider's office researches aging theories to help determine why some people age more rapidly than others. Which statements describe the immunity theory of the aging process? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The immunity theory of aging focuses on the functions of the immune system and states that the immune response declines steadily after younger adulthood as the thymus loses size and function, resulting in more infections. Vitamin supplements (such as vitamin E) may improve immune function. Free radicals are part of the free radical theory, not the immunity theory. The genetic theory of aging holds that lifespan depends on genetic factors. The wear-and-tear theory suggests organisms wear out from increased metabolic functioning.
Question 4 of 5
A nursing student caring for older adults in a skilled nursing facility is completing an assignment identifying physical changes that are part of normal aging. What changes will the student include in this assignment? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,F
Rationale: Physical changes occurring with aging include redistribution of fatty tissue, drier skin with wrinkles, and diminished visual and hearing acuity. Cardiac output decreases, muscle mass decreases (sarcopenia), and hormone production decreases, causing menopause or andropause.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse researcher interviews adults to validate Erikson's theory that middle-aged adults who do not achieve their developmental tasks may be in the stage of stagnation. Which patient statement will the nurse correlate to this theory?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Erikson, middle adulthood involves generativity versus stagnation. The tasks include guiding the next generation and adjusting to aging parents. A statement indicating excessive concern about personal health, such as spending all time at the doctor, reflects stagnation, where the individual becomes self-absorbed rather than generative.