Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best way to evaluate pain levels is to ask the client to rate his pain on a scale. This method provides a more standardized and quantifiable measure of pain compared to subjective observations like facial expressions (choice
C) or direct questioning (choice
D). Monitoring vital signs (choice
A) can be part of pain assessment but is not as specific or reliable as asking the client to self-report pain intensity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Denial. The client displaying denial refuses to acknowledge the reality of having a myocardial infarction. Rationalization (choice
A) involves making excuses for behavior, not denying a condition. Projection (choice
C) is attributing one's thoughts or feelings to others, not denying an illness. Conversion reaction (choice
D) is converting psychological distress into physical symptoms, which is not evident in this scenario.
Therefore, denial is the defense mechanism being used in this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action when cleaning an infant's teeth is to use water and a cotton swab to gently rub the teeth. This method helps in removing any food particles or plaque buildup without the risks associated with toothpaste ingestion. Using a small amount of toothpaste and a soft-bristle toothbrush is not recommended for infants as they may swallow the toothpaste, leading to potential fluoride ingestion issues. Using diluted fluoride and rubbing the teeth with a soft washcloth is unnecessary at this age since infants typically receive fluoride through other sources like formula. Dipping the infant's pacifier in maple syrup is highly inappropriate and poses a significant risk of tooth decay due to the high sugar content, which can harm the infant's teeth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client that portions of the renal biopsy procedure can cause pain or discomfort, particularly when the sample is being withdrawn. This prepares the client for any unpleasant sensations during the procedure. Answer A is incorrect because the client will be positioned lying down, not sitting up, during the exam, so this information is not relevant to include in the teaching session. Answer C is incorrect as anesthesia is commonly used to numb the area for a renal biopsy, reducing pain, so the client can expect to receive anesthesia. Answer D is incorrect because clients are usually instructed to refrain from eating or drinking for a period before the procedure to prevent any complications during the biopsy, not simply before the study.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During a Tensilon test to check for Myasthenia Gravis, Atropine sulfate should be kept available as it is the antidote for Tensilon and is administered to manage cholinergic crises that may occur during the test. Atropine sulfate helps counteract the excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system caused by Tensilon. Furosemide (choice
B) is a diuretic and not related to managing Tensilon-induced crises. Prostigmin (choice
C) is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis itself, not for managing the effects of Tensilon. Promethazine (choice
D) is an antiemetic and antianxiety agent, which is not necessary for a Tensilon test.
Therefore, Atropine sulfate (choice
A) is the correct medication to have available during a Tensilon test, making choices B, C, and D incorrect in this context.