ATI LPN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 36 : Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse will instruct patients about a possible systemic effect that may occur if excessive amounts of topically applied adrenergic nasal decongestants are used. Which systemic effect may occur?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although a topically applied adrenergic nasal decongestant can be absorbed into the bloodstream, the amount absorbed is usually too small to cause systemic effects at normal dosages. Excessive dosages of these medications, however, are more likely to cause systemic effects elsewhere in the body. These may include cardiovascular effects, such as hypertension and palpitations, and central nervous system effects, such as headache, nervousness, and dizziness. The other options are incorrect.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a tracheostomy has difficulty removing excessive, thick mucus from the respiratory tract. The nurse expects that which drug will be ordered to aid in the removal of mucus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Expectorants such as guaifenesin work to loosen and thin sputum and the bronchial secretions, thereby indirectly diminishing the tendency to cough. The other drugs listed do not have this effect.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been advised to add an adrenergic decongestant nasal spray to treat a cold. The nurse will include which instruction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, long-term, or excessive use of adrenergic nasal decongestants may lead to rebound congestion if used beyond the recommended time. The other instructions are incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
A patient asks the nurse about the uses of the herbal product echinacea. Which use will the nurse include in the response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Common uses of echinacea include stimulation of the immune system, antisepsis, treatment of viral infections and influenza-like respiratory tract infections, and promotion of the healing of wounds and chronic ulcerations. The other options are incorrect.
Question 5 of 5
When teaching a patient who will be receiving antihistamines, the nurse will include which instructions?
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Antihistamines should be taken with food, even though this slightly reduces the absorption of the drug, so as to minimize the gastrointestinal upset that can occur. Over-the-counter medications must not be taken with an antihistamine unless approved by the physician because of the serious drug interactions that may occur. Drinking extra fluids will help to ease the removal of secretions, and activities that require alertness, such as driving, must not be engaged in until the patient knows how he or she responds to the sedating effects of antihistamines.