ATI LPN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 29 : Fluids and Electrolytes Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells. Which intravenous solution is correct for use with the PRBC transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is the only compatible IV solution for PRBC transfusions, as dextrose-containing solutions like D5W, D5NS, or D5LR can cause hemolysis of the blood product.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells. Which patient would be best treated with this transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PRBCs are indicated for severe anemia to increase oxygen-carrying capacity. Coagulation disorders or clotting-factor deficiencies require fresh frozen plasma, and massive blood loss (>25% volume) requires whole blood.
Question 3 of 5
After a severe auto accident, a patient has been taken to the trauma unit and has an estimated blood loss of more than 30% of his blood volume. The nurse prepares to administer which product?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Whole blood is used for massive blood loss (>25% volume) to restore both red blood cells and plasma volume. PRBCs are for lesser losses, fresh frozen plasma for coagulation disorders, and albumin for volume expansion.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who is severely anemic also has acute heart failure with severe edema due to fluid overload. The prescriber wants to raise the patient's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which blood product?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PRBCs are appropriate for severe anemia to increase hemoglobin and hematocrit without adding excessive volume, which could worsen fluid overload in heart failure. Whole blood or albumin would exacerbate fluid overload, and plasma is for coagulation issues.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to give a potassium supplement. Which laboratory test should be checked before the patient receives a dose of potassium?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum potassium levels must be checked before administering potassium supplements to avoid worsening hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening. Other tests are not directly relevant to potassium administration.