ATI LPN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 29 : Fluids and Electrolytes Questions
Question 1 of 5
During a blood transfusion, the patient begins to have chills and back pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chills and back pain during a transfusion suggest a possible transfusion reaction, requiring immediate discontinuation of the infusion and prescriber notification to prevent serious complications. The IV line should be kept patent with normal saline.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is working with a graduate nurse to prepare an intravenous dose of potassium for a patient on a regular medical surgical unit. Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intravenous potassium must be diluted and infused slowly (not exceeding 10 mEq/hr unless monitored) to prevent cardiac arrest. Undiluted potassium is dangerous. The other statements are correct.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is in an urgent care center and is receiving treatment for mild hyponatremia after spending several hours doing gardening work in the heat of the day. The nurse expects that which drug therapy will be used to treat this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mild hyponatremia is typically treated with oral sodium chloride tablets to restore sodium levels. IV normal saline or lactated Ringer's is used for severe cases, and oral fluids alone may not provide sufficient sodium.
Question 4 of 5
When monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia, the nurse looks for what early sign?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle weakness is an early sign of hypokalemia due to potassium's role in muscle function. Cardiac dysrhythmias are a later, more severe symptom, while seizures and diarrhea are not typical signs.
Question 5 of 5
During an infusion of albumin, the nurse monitors the patient closely for the development of which adverse effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albumin infusion can cause fluid volume overload, especially in patients at risk for heart failure, due to its plasma-expanding effect. Hypernatremia, dehydration, and transfusion reactions are not typical adverse effects.