ATI LPN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 29 : Fluids and Electrolytes Questions
Question 1 of 5
After a severe auto accident, a patient has been taken to the trauma unit and has an estimated blood loss of more than 30% of his blood volume. The nurse prepares to administer which product?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Whole blood is used for massive blood loss (>25% volume) to restore both red blood cells and plasma volume. PRBCs are for lesser losses, fresh frozen plasma for coagulation disorders, and albumin for volume expansion.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who is severely anemic also has acute heart failure with severe edema due to fluid overload. The prescriber wants to raise the patient's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which blood product?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PRBCs are appropriate for severe anemia to increase hemoglobin and hematocrit without adding excessive volume, which could worsen fluid overload in heart failure. Whole blood or albumin would exacerbate fluid overload, and plasma is for coagulation issues.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to give a potassium supplement. Which laboratory test should be checked before the patient receives a dose of potassium?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum potassium levels must be checked before administering potassium supplements to avoid worsening hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening. Other tests are not directly relevant to potassium administration.
Question 4 of 5
During diuretic therapy, the nurse monitors the fluid and electrolyte status of the patient. Which assessment findings are symptoms of hyponatremia? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Hyponatremia causes lethargy, hypotension, and stomach cramps due to low sodium affecting neurological and cardiovascular function. Red, flushed skin, decreased urination, and elevated temperature are not typical symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
The order reads, 'Give 1500 mL of normal saline over 12 hours. The tubing drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.' The nurse will set the gravity drip infusion at how many drops per minute (gtt/min)?
Correct Answer: 31 gtt/min
Rationale:
To calculate: 1500 mL ?· 12 hr = 125 mL/hr.
Then, (125 mL/hr ?? 15 gtt/mL) ?· 60 min/hr = 1875 ?· 60 = 31.25 gtt/min, rounded to 31 gtt/min.