Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When working in a community pediatric health clinic, applying the principles of initiative is crucial when caring for preschool children. According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, the developmental task for preschool children is initiative. Preschool children are in the stage where they are eager to initiate activities and carry out tasks. This stage is characterized by a balance between initiative and guilt. By encouraging children to explore and take the initiative in a supportive environment, healthcare providers can foster their sense of independence and creativity. The other choices are incorrect because: - Sensorimotor thought is a term associated with Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, not Erikson's psychosocial theory. - Intimacy is a developmental task associated with young adults, not adolescents, in Erikson's theory. - Concrete operations is a term linked to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and is not a developmental task according to Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When using a Wood light during a skin examination, the room should be darkened to enhance the visibility of fluorescence. The Wood light emits long-wavelength ultraviolet light, highlighting certain skin conditions. Darkening the room aids in better visualization. Obtaining informed consent is a crucial aspect of healthcare but not directly related to using a Wood light. Obtaining a scalpel and a slide is unnecessary for a noninvasive Wood light examination. Anesthetizing the skin area is not required as the procedure is painless and noninvasive.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is the primary nutritional deficiency of concern for a strict vegetarian. While all mentioned vitamins are essential for overall health, vitamin B12 is particularly important for vegetarians as it is mainly found in animal products. A strict vegetarian diet may lack sufficient vitamin B12 intake, leading to potential health issues like anemia and neurological problems. Vitamin C deficiency is more commonly associated with scurvy, which is preventable with a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Vitamin E deficiency is rare and usually only seen in specific medical conditions. Magnesium deficiency is not typically a primary concern for strict vegetarians as magnesium can be obtained from a variety of plant-based sources.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'overreaction to stimuli from the surroundings.' Children with attention deficit disorder often exhibit hypersensitivity to stimuli, leading to overreactions. Slow speech development is not a hallmark of attention deficit disorder; it is more associated with other learning disabilities. While children with this disorder may have difficulty focusing, they can usually carry on a conversation. Concrete thinking is not a common characteristic of attention deficit disorder, as individuals with this disorder may struggle with abstract thinking and impulsivity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Speaking loudly is inappropriate when caring for an elderly client. It is essential to assess the client for a hearing impairment and provide appropriate assistance if needed. Elderly clients may require more time to process information due to slower reaction times, benefit from shorter sessions as they fatigue easily, and can absorb supplemental written resources effectively. Therefore, speaking loudly may not be conducive to effective communication and may not cater to the specific needs of the elderly client, unlike the other options provided.