Chapter 26: The Child with Genitourinary Dysfunction - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Malformed or low-set ears are frequently associated with urinary tract anomalies, prompting heightened suspicion during newborn exams. Myelomeningocele may impair urinary function due to neural defects, but it?s less directly linked. Cardiac and extremity defects have weaker associations with renal anomalies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A urine pH of 4.0 is below the normal range (4.8-7.8) and may indicate urinary tract infection or metabolic imbalances. WBC of 1-2 cells/ml, absent protein, and specific gravity of 1.020 (within 1.001-1.030) are normal and not indicative of pathology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renal ultrasonography uses ultrasonic waves to visualize renal structures without radiation or isotopes. CT and intravenous pyelography involve external radiation, often with contrast, and voiding cystourethrography uses radiation and contrast injected into the bladder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, often due to infection. Urethritis affects the urethra, urosepsis is a systemic infection from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria indicates bacteria in urine without necessarily implying inflammation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urinary stasis is the primary host factor promoting UTIs by providing a bacterial growth medium. Poor hygiene and constipation contribute by facilitating bacterial entry or causing stasis via rectal pressure, but stasis is the key driver. Congenital anomalies are less common causes.