Chapter 25: The Child with Cancer - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Retinoblastoma is inherited due to mutations in the retinoblastoma gene, promoting abnormal cell growth. Leukemia may involve chromosomal abnormalities like the Philadelphia chromosome, but not familial patterns. Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma lack evidence of familial inheritance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Staging describes the extent of cancer at diagnosis, correlating with prognosis. It doesn?t measure cell replacement rates, describe tumor biology (which is classification), or define cancer growth mechanisms, but rather quantifies disease spread for treatment planning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pediatric cancer clinical trials compare the best current therapy (control group) with potentially better treatments (experimental group). They?re accessible beyond major centers, require consent for all therapies, and are tailored by disease type and stage, not standardized.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alkylating agents replace a hydrogen atom with an alkyl group, disrupting DNA and causing cell death. Plant alkaloids block spindle formation, antimetabolites mimic metabolic elements to halt DNA synthesis, and antitumor antibiotics interfere with DNA replication and transcription.