Chapter 26: The Child with Genitourinary Dysfunction - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hematuria is common in renal trauma but doesn?t correlate with injury severity. Flank pain often occurs due to bleeding, most renal trauma in children is from blunt injuries like accidents, and children?s kidneys are more mobile and less protected, increasing injury risk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration, causing poor renal perfusion, is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, often reversible with fluid restoration. Pyelonephritis and obstruction are less common causes, and tubular destruction is not a primary cause.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mannitol or furosemide promotes urine flow in ARF if glomerular function is intact, inducing osmotic diuresis. Propranolol doesn?t affect diuresis, calcium gluconate addresses hyperkalemia, and electrolytes like sodium, chloride, and potassium are avoided to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Malformed or low-set ears are frequently associated with urinary tract anomalies, prompting heightened suspicion during newborn exams. Myelomeningocele may impair urinary function due to neural defects, but it?s less directly linked. Cardiac and extremity defects have weaker associations with renal anomalies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A urine pH of 4.0 is below the normal range (4.8-7.8) and may indicate urinary tract infection or metabolic imbalances. WBC of 1-2 cells/ml, absent protein, and specific gravity of 1.020 (within 1.001-1.030) are normal and not indicative of pathology.