Chapter 25: The Child with Cancer - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alkylating agents replace a hydrogen atom with an alkyl group, disrupting DNA and causing cell death. Plant alkaloids block spindle formation, antimetabolites mimic metabolic elements to halt DNA synthesis, and antitumor antibiotics interfere with DNA replication and transcription.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone cause immunosuppression, increasing infection risk. Alopecia is not a side effect, appetite increases rather than decreases, and gastric irritation occurs, not nausea and vomiting, which can be mitigated by taking with food.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Daunorubicin is an antitumor antibiotic that disrupts DNA replication. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent, vincristine is a plant alkaloid, and methotrexate is an antimetabolite, each with distinct mechanisms of action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Wheezing and urticaria indicate an allergic reaction, requiring immediate cessation of the chemotherapeutic agent, withdrawal of remaining drug, and initiation of a saline infusion. Checking the rate, observing further, or dismissing as expected delays critical intervention.