ATI LPN
Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 23 : The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction Questions
Question 1 of 5
What nutritional component should be altered in the infant with heart failure (HF)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infants with heart failure need increased calories due to elevated metabolic rates from poor cardiac function. Fats and protein should be increased to meet caloric needs, and fluids are carefully monitored to avoid overload.
Question 2 of 5
Decreasing the demands on the heart is a priority in care for the infant with heart failure (HF). In evaluating the infants status, which finding is indicative of achieving this goal?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Appropriate weight gain indicates successful feeding and reduced caloric loss, reflecting decreased cardiac demand. Irritability and prolonged capillary refill suggest ongoing HF, and high Fowler positioning aids breathing but doesn?t confirm reduced cardiac strain.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. What strategy is an important objective to decrease this risk?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing dehydration reduces stroke risk in hypoxic children with polycythemia, as dehydration increases blood viscosity. Seizure control, cardiac output, and energy expenditure are important but don?t directly address stroke risk.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell. What should be the nurses first action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placing the infant in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, reducing the hypercyanotic spell. Oxygen and morphine may follow, but this is the first action. Neurologic defects, CPR, or preparing for death are inappropriate initial responses.
Question 5 of 5
A cardiac defect that allows blood to shunt from the (high pressure) left side of the heart to the (lower pressure) right side can result in which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-to-right shunting increases pulmonary blood flow, overloading the right heart and leading to heart failure. Cyanosis and decreased pulmonary flow occur with right-to-left shunts, and bounding pulses are specific to coarctation of the aorta.