ATI LPN
Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 23 : The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. What strategy is an important objective to decrease this risk?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing dehydration reduces stroke risk in hypoxic children with polycythemia, as dehydration increases blood viscosity. Seizure control, cardiac output, and energy expenditure are important but don?t directly address stroke risk.
Question 2 of 5
A 3-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell. What should be the nurses first action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placing the infant in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, reducing the hypercyanotic spell. Oxygen and morphine may follow, but this is the first action. Neurologic defects, CPR, or preparing for death are inappropriate initial responses.
Question 3 of 5
A cardiac defect that allows blood to shunt from the (high pressure) left side of the heart to the (lower pressure) right side can result in which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-to-right shunting increases pulmonary blood flow, overloading the right heart and leading to heart failure. Cyanosis and decreased pulmonary flow occur with right-to-left shunts, and bounding pulses are specific to coarctation of the aorta.
Question 4 of 5
What blood flow pattern occurs in a ventricular septal defect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A ventricular septal defect allows blood to shunt from the high-pressure left ventricle to the lower-pressure right ventricle, increasing pulmonary blood flow. It?s a one-way shunt, not mixed flow, doesn?t obstruct ventricular outflow, and isn?t associated with decreased flow.
Question 5 of 5
The physician suggests that surgery be performed for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to prevent which complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PDA causes left-to-right shunting from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, leading to pulmonary vascular congestion. Surgery prevents this complication. Hypoxemia is linked to mixed flow defects, the shunt is left-to-right, and PDA increases left heart workload.