Chapter 18: Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Orienting the child to his surroundings is critical for safety, as bilateral eye patches impair vision and he is now mobile. Speaking on entry, assisting with feeding, and parental presence are important but secondary to ensuring a safe environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is the inability to maintain eye contact, reflecting impaired social interaction, with onset before age 3. Parallel play and gross motor development are typically unaffected, and physical growth is not a diagnostic criterion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The AAIDD classifies cognitive impairment based on functional impairment in at least two adaptive skill domains, such as communication, self-care, or social skills. Age of onset before 18 is a criterion but not the basis for classification. Subaverage intelligence alone is insufficient, and etiology is not part of the classification system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early identification and treatment to prevent cerebral damage, such as newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism like hypothyroidism or phenylketonuria. Genetic counseling and rubella prevention are primary prevention, while preschool education is tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal is to promote optimum social, physical, cognitive, and adaptive development within the family and community. Vocational skills are a component, not the primary focus. Out-of-home care and future care adjustments are secondary to fostering overall development.