ATI LPN
Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 3 : Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which genetic term refers to the transfer of all or part of a chromosome to a different chromosome after chromosome breakage?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Translocation is the transfer of all or part of a chromosome to a different chromosome after chromosome breakage. It can be balanced, producing no phenotypic effects, or unbalanced, producing severe or lethal effects. Trisomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes caused by the presence of an extra chromosome, which is added to a given chromosome pair and results in a total of 47 chromosomes per cell. Monosomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes whereby the chromosome is represented by a single copy in a somatic cell. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis.
Question 2 of 5
Which is a birth defect or disorder that occurs as a new case in a family and is not inherited?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sporadic describes a birth defect previously unidentified in a family. It is not inherited. Polygenic inheritance involves the inheritance of many genes at separate loci whose combined effects produce a given phenotype. Monosomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes whereby the chromosome is represented by a single copy in a somatic cell. A nonrandom cluster of malformations without a specific cause is an association.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a neonate who was born 1 hour ago to healthy white parents in their early forties. Which finding should be most suggestive of Down syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome have low-set ears. Infants with Down syndrome have hypotonia, not hypertonia. Micrognathia is common in trisomy 16, not Down syndrome. Children with Down syndrome have short hands with broad fingers.
Question 4 of 5
Which abnormality is a common sex chromosome defect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome is caused by an absence of one of the X chromosomes. Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 (three copies rather than two copies of chromosome 21). Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Hemophilia is a disorder of blood coagulation inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.
Question 5 of 5
Turner syndrome is suspected in an adolescent girl with short stature. What causes this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Turner syndrome is caused by an absence of one of the X chromosomes. Most girls who have this disorder have one X chromosome missing from all cells. No Y chromosome is present in individuals with Turner syndrome. These young women have 45 rather than 46 chromosomes.