HESI A2
HESI A2 Version 1 Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which heart chamber has the thickest wall?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. Its muscular wall is thicker and more powerful compared to the other heart chambers. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Due to the higher workload and pressure required to push blood to the entire body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and has the thickest wall.
Question 2 of 5
Which structure is located on the sternum?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The xiphoid process is the structure located at the bottom of the sternum. It is a small cartilaginous process that ossifies with age. The sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, not typically found on the sternum. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, not on the sternum. 'Ossified' refers to a structure that has become hardened like bone, but it is not a specific structure located on the sternum.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of cholesterol is considered the healthiest?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered the healthiest type of cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. HDL acts as a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol in the blood and transporting it back to the liver for removal from the body. This is why HDL is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol, emphasizing its protective role in cardiovascular health.
Question 4 of 5
To where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for decontamination?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When nutrients are absorbed from the digestive tract, they enter the hepatic portal vein and are transported directly to the liver. The liver acts as a filter, processing and detoxifying these nutrients before they are further distributed to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the liver, which plays a crucial role in detoxifying substances that enter the body through the digestive system.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Simple columnar epitheliumĀ"secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where secretion or absorption is the primary function, such as the lining of the intestines. This type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells that are well suited for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is more associated with diffusion due to its thin structure allowing for easy movement of molecules through it. Stratified squamous epithelium is designed to protect underlying tissues and is not primarily involved in diffusion.