Most nurses in the United States hold a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), which has become the predominant entry-level degree for registered nurses (RNs). According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), over 72% of RNs had a BSN or higher as of 2023, up from 49% in 2010. This shift reflects growing industry standards, with initiatives like the 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report recommending that 80% of RNs hold a BSN by 2020—a goal largely met in many regions.
The BSN is a four-year program that combines clinical training, sciences (anatomy, pharmacology), and leadership skills. It prepares nurses for complex patient care, technology integration, and roles in hospitals, clinics, or public health. Employers, especially Magnet-recognized hospitals, increasingly require or prefer BSN-prepared nurses for better patient outcomes, including lower mortality rates (studies show a 10% BSN increase reduces patient deaths by 5-7%).
However, not all nurses start with a BSN. About 20-25% enter via an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), a two-year community college program leading to RN licensure after passing the NCLEX-RN exam. ADN nurses often work in similar settings but may face hiring barriers in competitive markets. Many later “bridge” to a BSN through RN-to-BSN programs (1-2 years online).
A smaller group (5-7%) holds a diploma from hospital-based programs, now rare. Advanced roles like nurse practitioners require a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).
Globally, requirements vary: the UK mandates a BSN-equivalent, while some countries accept diploma-level training. In the US, the BSN dominates due to evidence-based care demands, job market trends, and higher salaries (BSN RNs earn ~$5,000-$10,000 more annually than ADN RNs).
For aspiring nurses, starting with an ADN offers quicker entry, but a BSN provides long-term advantages in career mobility and leadership. Always verify state board requirements.